Mahiyangana Raja Maha Vihara is an ancient  Buddhist temple in Mahiyangana, Sri Lanka. It is believed to be the site of Gautama Buddha’s first visit to the country, and is one of the Solosmasthana, the 16 sacred religious locations in Sri Lanka. Currently this temple has been declared as one of archaeological site in Sri Lanka. Historical sources, including the ancient chronicle Mahawamsa, record that the Buddha visited the Mahiyangana area in the ninth month after he attained enlightenment, which was his first visit to the country. According to the Mahawamsa, Sri Lanka was inhabited by Yakshas at the time. It says that the Buddha subdued the Yakshas there and held a discourse on Dhamma with them.

Several kings have since renovated and enlarged this stupa, including Dutugemunu raised it to a height of 120 feet (37 m). Other rulers such as Voharikatissa, Sena II, Vijayabahu I and Kirthi Sri Rajasingha have maintained work at the temple. In 1942, a society was formed for the renovation of the temple under Rt Hon. D. S. Senanayake the first Prime Minister of Sri Lanka. Reconstruction work began in 1953 and ended in 1980 with the completion of a new pinnacle for the stupa.